\documentclass{minimal}\usepackage{tikz}\usetikzlibrary{trees}\begin{document}\tikzstyle{every node}=[draw=black,thick,anchor=west]
\tikzstyle{selected}=[draw=red,fill=red!30]
\tikzstyle{optional}=[dashed,fill=gray!50]
\begin{tikzpicture}[%
  grow via three points={one child at (0.5,-0.7) and
  two children at (0.5,-0.7) and (0.5,-1.4)},
  edge from parent path={(\tikzparentnode.south) |- (\tikzchildnode.west)}]
  \node{texmf}
    child { node {S1*1}}        
    child { node {S2*3}}
    child { node {S2*3}}
    child { node [selected] {S*ALL}
      child { node [optional] {latex}}
      child { node {plain}}}
    child [missing] {}              
    child [missing] {}              
    child [missing] {}              
    child { node {S END}};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{document}

\begin{longtable}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}|C{3.2cm}|L{4.5cm}|L{8cm}|}\caption{}\\\hline\textbf{a}&\textbf{a a a}&\textbf{a a a}\\\hline\addlinespace[1pt]\hline\endfirsthead\multicolumn{3}{c}{(a of a)}\\\hline\textbf{a a}&\textbf{a a a}&\textbf{a a a}\\\hline\addlinespace[1pt]\hline\endhead\multicolumn{3}{c}{(To be continued)}\endfoot\endlastfoot
01a & 01\_gws (a) &\\\hline
02a & 02\_aws (a) &\\\hline
aa & 14a  &\\\cline{2-3}& v &\\\hline
... &... & ...\\\hline\end{longtable}

\documentclass{standalone}\usepackage{pgfplots}\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}\pgfplotsset{compat=1.10}\usepackage{tikz}\begin{document}\begin{tikzpicture}\begin{axis}[axis lines=middle,xlabel=$x$,ylabel=$y$,
    xtick=\empty,ytick=\empty,enlargelimits=0.05,grid,domain=-2:2,no marks]

\addplot[name path=P,green]{3^x};

\draw[blue,very thin](250,800)node[above]{$a$}--(250,-10);
\draw[blue,very thin](350,800)node[above]{$b$}--(350,-10);

\end{axis}\end{tikzpicture}\end{document}

\documentclass{article}\usepackage{tikz}\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}% Pfeil als Annotation für das Schaltsymbol:\tikzset{circuit declare annotation={Pfeil}{}{[shift=(\tikzlastnode.center)](0.6\tikzcircuitssizeunit,-0.6\tikzcircuitssizeunit) edge[line to] (-0.6\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0.6\tikzcircuitssizeunit)}}% Schaltzeichen für das Amperemeter:\tikzset{circuit declare symbol=Amperemeter,set Amperemeter graphic={draw,generic circle IEC, minimum size=5mm,info=-45:{\scriptsize$I$}}}% Schaltzeichen für das Voltmeter:\tikzset{circuit declare symbol=Voltmeter,set Voltmeter graphic={draw,generic circle IEC, minimum size=5mm,info=-45:{\scriptsize$U$}}}\begin{document}\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC]
\node (SQ) [battery] at (0,0) {};
\node (L) [bulb] at (0,2) {};
\node (K1) [contact] at (-0.8,2) {};
\node (K2) [contact] at (0.8,2) {};
\node (V) [Voltmeter=Pfeil] at (0,3) {};
\node (A) [Amperemeter=Pfeil] at (-1.5,1) {};
\draw (SQ) -- (1.5,0) |- (L) -| (A) |- (SQ);
\draw (K1) |- (V) -| (K2);
\end{tikzpicture}\end{document}

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,titlepage,bibliography=totoc,numbers=noenddot,abstract=on,multi,dvipsnames,svgnames,x11names]{scrreprt}\usepackage{forest}\definecolor{folderbg}{RGB}{124,166,198}\definecolor{folderborder}{RGB}{110,144,169}\def\Size{5pt}\tikzset{
  folder/.pic={\filldraw[draw=folderborder,top color=folderbg!0,bottom color=white]
      (-3*\Size,-\Size) rectangle (3*\Size,\Size);

  }}\begin{document}\begin{forest}
  for tree={
    font=\ttfamily,
    grow'=0,
    child anchor=west,
    parent anchor=south,
    anchor=west,
    calign=first,
    inner xsep=20pt,
    edge path={\noexpand\path [draw, \forestoption{edge}]
      (!u.south west) +(4pt,0) |- (.child anchor) pic {folder}\forestoption{edge label};
    },
    before typesetting nodes={
      if n=1
        {insert before={[,phantom]}}{}},
    fit=band,
    before computing xy={l=60pt},
  }  
[system
  [config
  ]
  [lib
    [Access
    ]
    [Plugin
    ]
  ]
  [templates
  ]
  [tests
  ]
[tests
]
[tests
]
[tests
]
[tests
]
[tests
]
]
\end{forest}\end{document}

\documentclass[margin=5mm, tikz]{standalone}\usepackage{tikz}\usetikzlibrary{matrix}\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}\begin{document}\begin{tikzpicture}[align=center, 
thick, 
%
gsDreieck/.style={
shape=isosceles triangle, isosceles triangle stretches,
draw, rotate=90,
minimum width=0.75cm, minimum height=1.5cm, 
% outer sep=0pt,        inner sep=0pt,        %anchor=west, },
Kreis/.style={circle, draw, minimum width=5mm,},
%
matrixstyle/.style={
matrix of nodes,
nodes in empty cells,
column sep=2em, row sep=1em, 
align=center, %anchor=west,},
%shape border uses incircle
]

\newcommand{\gsd}[1]{%\node [gsDreieck, below] (gsD) {};
\node[below=3mm] at (gsD) {#1};%}\newcommand{\kr}{\node[Kreis]{};}\matrix (m)[matrixstyle]
{
Langer Text &\kr&&\\\gsd{A}&\gsd{A}&\dots&\gsd{D}\\
1 & 2   & 3   & 4 \\};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{document}

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,titlepage,bibliography=totoc,numbers=noenddot,abstract=on,multi,dvipsnames,svgnames,x11names]{scrreprt}\usepackage{storebox}\usepackage[edges]{forest}\usepackage{adjustbox}%Zeilenumbruch in der tikz Umgebung!% addaswyd o gôd Sašo Živanović: http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/296771/\def\hiddenparcommand{\par}\newcommand\otherhiddenparcommand{\par\noindent}\newcommand\hiddencommacommand{, }\forestset{%
    declare keylist register={split here ids},% the list of nodes to split the tree at
    split here ids={},
    declare keylist register={split here interjects},% the list of comments to put in between the tree parts
    split here interjects={},
    declare keylist={split here auto siblings}{},% a list to hold the siblings which need edge restoration
    declare toks register=split here toks,
    declare dimen register=tmpdima,
    tmpdima'=0pt,
    declare dimen register=tmpdimb,
    tmpdimb'=0pt,
    declare dimen register=tmpdimc,
    tmpdimc'=0pt,
    to widest/.style={
        tikz+={\path (\forestregister{tempdima}, \forestoption{y}) -- (\forestregister{tempdimb}, \forestoption{y});},
    },
    hide commas/.style={%
        split here toks+={\hiddencommacommand},
        split here toks+={#1},
    },
    split dir tree pre/.style={%
        label={[text=gray, anchor=north, font=\scriptsize]below:{[cont.]}{}},
    },
    split dir tree post/.style={%
        label={[font=\scriptsize, anchor=south, text=gray]above:{[cont.]}{}},
    },
    split dir tree auto post/.style={% this gets applied to the first node after a break
        split dir tree post,
        tempkeylistc'={},
        tmpdimb/.option=y,
        for nodewalk={
            while={> ORw2+d _+d < On=! &{y}{tmpdimb}{##2-##1}{\textheight-#1}{n'}{1}%}{
                next,
                tempkeylistc/.option=name
            }%}{},
        % save the list
        split here auto siblings/.register=tempkeylistc,
        tikz+/.process={% this tries to redraw the edges to the following siblings
            OOw2{edge}{id}%{%\path [##1] (!u.parent anchor |- .north) ++(\forestregister{folder indent},1ex) coordinate (before ##2) |- (.child anchor);
                \edef\tempa{\foresteoption{split here auto siblings}}\foreach\i in \tempa\path [##1] (before ##2) |- ({forest cs:\i.child anchor});
            }%},
    },
    split dir tree/.code={%\forestset{%
            draw tree stage/.style={
                for root'={
                    tempdima/.min={%>OOw2+d{x}{min x}{####1+####2}%}{tree},
                    tempdimb/.max={%>OOw2+d{x}{max x}{####1+####2}%}{tree},
                    for tree={%
                        to widest,
                    },
                },
                tempcountb'=-1,
                do until={%
                    strequal((split_here_ids),"")
                }{%
                    tempkeylistb'={},
                    tempkeylista'={},
                    split register={split here ids}{,}{tempcounta,tempkeylistb+},
                    split register={split here interjects}{,}{temptoksa,tempkeylista+},
                    split here ids'/.register=tempkeylistb,
                    split here interjects'/.register=tempkeylista,
                    % Sašo Živanović: http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/28484520#28484520
                    for nodewalk={%
                        draw tree processing order/.style={%
                            filter={tree}{> ORw+n< OR> &{id}{tempcounta}{########1+1}{id}{tempcountb}}%}%}{},
                    for root'={draw tree},
                    TeX/.process={Rw{temptoksa}{\otherhiddenparcommand ####1\hiddenparcommand}},
                    tempcountb'/.register=tempcounta,
                },
                for nodewalk={%
                    draw tree processing order/.style={%
                        filter={tree}{>OR>{id}{tempcountb}}%}%}{},
                for root'={draw tree},
            },
        }%},
    split dir here auto/.style n args=2{%
        split dir tree pre,
        !next node.split dir tree auto post=#2,
        split here ids+/.option=id,
        %     !next node.split resume here ids+/.option=id,
        split={#1}{,}{split here toks,hide commas},
        split here interjects/.register=split here toks,
    },
    split dir tree auto/.style={%
        split dir tree,
        before drawing tree={%
            tempdima/.max={y}{tree},
            tempdimc/.register=tempdima,
            tempdimd/.min={y}{tree},
            tempdima-/.register=tempdimd,
            tempdimb'=\textheight,
            tmpdima'=10ex,
            tmpdimc'=\pagetotal,
            while={%>RR>{tempdima}{tempdimb}%}{%
                for nodewalk={%
                    root',
                    until={%> ROw2+d RRw2+d > {tempdimc}{y}{##1-##2}{tmpdima}{tmpdimc}{\textheight-##2-##1}%}{next node},
                    previous node,
                    split dir here auto/.process={R_w2{tmpdima}{continued}{{##2}{##1}}},
                    next node,
                    tempdima/.option=y,
                    tempdimc/.register=tempdima,
                    tempdima-/.register=tempdimd,
                    tmpdima'=15ex,
                    tmpdimc'=0pt
                }{},
            },
        },
    },
}%Zeilenumbruch in der tikz Umgebung! Ende\begin{document}\begin{forest}
    for tree={
        folder,
        grow'=0,
        fit=band,
    },
    split dir tree auto,
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ ]
    ]
    ]
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ ]
    ]
    ]
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    ]
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    ]
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ ]
    ]
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    ]
    ]
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    ]
    ]
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    [ XYZ ]
    ]
    ]
    ]
    ]
\end{forest}\end{document}

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,titlepage,bibliography=totoc,numbers=noenddot,abstract=on,multi,dvipsnames,svgnames,x11names]{scrreprt}\usepackage{storebox}\usepackage[edges]{forest}\usepackage{adjustbox}%Zeilenumbruch in der tikz Umgebung!% addaswyd o gôd Sašo Živanović: http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/296771/\def\hiddenparcommand{\par}\newcommand\otherhiddenparcommand{\par\noindent}\newcommand\hiddencommacommand{, }\forestset{%
    declare keylist register={split here ids},% the list of nodes to split the tree at
    split here ids={},
    declare keylist register={split here interjects},% the list of comments to put in between the tree parts
    split here interjects={},
    declare keylist={split here auto siblings}{},% a list to hold the siblings which need edge restoration
    declare toks register=split here toks,
    declare dimen register=tmpdima,
    tmpdima'=0pt,
    declare dimen register=tmpdimb,
    tmpdimb'=0pt,
    declare dimen register=tmpdimc,
    tmpdimc'=0pt,
    to widest/.style={
        tikz+={\path (\forestregister{tempdima}, \forestoption{y}) -- (\forestregister{tempdimb}, \forestoption{y});},
    },
    hide commas/.style={%
        split here toks+={\hiddencommacommand},
        split here toks+={#1},
    },
    split dir tree pre/.style={%
        label={[text=gray, anchor=north, font=\scriptsize]below:{[cont.]}{}},
    },
    split dir tree post/.style={%
        label={[font=\scriptsize, anchor=south, text=gray]above:{[cont.]}{}},
    },
    split dir tree auto post/.style={% this gets applied to the first node after a break
        split dir tree post,
        tempkeylistc'={},
        tmpdimb/.option=y,
        for nodewalk={
            while={> ORw2+d _+d < On=! &{y}{tmpdimb}{##2-##1}{\textheight-#1}{n'}{1}%}{
                next,
                tempkeylistc/.option=name
            }%}{},
        % save the list
        split here auto siblings/.register=tempkeylistc,
        tikz+/.process={% this tries to redraw the edges to the following siblings
            OOw2{edge}{id}%{%\path [##1] (!u.parent anchor |- .north) ++(\forestregister{folder indent},1ex) coordinate (before ##2) |- (.child anchor);
                \edef\tempa{\foresteoption{split here auto siblings}}\foreach\i in \tempa\path [##1] (before ##2) |- ({forest cs:\i.child anchor});
            }%},
    },
    split dir tree/.code={%\forestset{%
            draw tree stage/.style={
                for root'={
                    tempdima/.min={%>OOw2+d{x}{min x}{####1+####2}%}{tree},
                    tempdimb/.max={%>OOw2+d{x}{max x}{####1+####2}%}{tree},
                    for tree={%
                        to widest,
                    },
                },
                tempcountb'=-1,
                do until={%
                    strequal((split_here_ids),"")
                }{%
                    tempkeylistb'={},
                    tempkeylista'={},
                    split register={split here ids}{,}{tempcounta,tempkeylistb+},
                    split register={split here interjects}{,}{temptoksa,tempkeylista+},
                    split here ids'/.register=tempkeylistb,
                    split here interjects'/.register=tempkeylista,
                    % Sašo Živanović: http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/28484520#28484520
                    for nodewalk={%
                        draw tree processing order/.style={%
                            filter={tree}{> ORw+n< OR> &{id}{tempcounta}{########1+1}{id}{tempcountb}}%}%}{},
                    for root'={draw tree},
                    TeX/.process={Rw{temptoksa}{\otherhiddenparcommand ####1\hiddenparcommand}},
                    tempcountb'/.register=tempcounta,
                },
                for nodewalk={%
                    draw tree processing order/.style={%
                        filter={tree}{>OR>{id}{tempcountb}}%}%}{},
                for root'={draw tree},
            },
        }%},
    split dir here auto/.style n args=2{%
        split dir tree pre,
        !next node.split dir tree auto post=#2,
        split here ids+/.option=id,
        %     !next node.split resume here ids+/.option=id,
        split={#1}{,}{split here toks,hide commas},
        split here interjects/.register=split here toks,
    },
    split dir tree auto/.style={%
        split dir tree,
        before drawing tree={%
            tempdima/.max={y}{tree},
            tempdimc/.register=tempdima,
            tempdimd/.min={y}{tree},
            tempdima-/.register=tempdimd,
            tempdimb'=\textheight,
            tmpdima'=10ex,
            tmpdimc'=\pagetotal,
            while={%>RR>{tempdima}{tempdimb}%}{%
                for nodewalk={%
                    root',
                    until={%> ROw2+d RRw2+d > {tempdimc}{y}{##1-##2}{tmpdima}{tmpdimc}{\textheight-##2-##1}%}{next node},
                    previous node,
                    split dir here auto/.process={R_w2{tmpdima}{continued}{{##2}{##1}}},
                    next node,
                    tempdima/.option=y,
                    tempdimc/.register=tempdima,
                    tempdima-/.register=tempdimd,
                    tmpdima'=15ex,
                    tmpdimc'=0pt
                }{},
            },
        },
    },
}%Zeilenumbruch in der tikz Umgebung! Ende\begin{document}\begin{forest}
    for tree={
        folder,
        grow'=0,
        fit=band,
    },
    %split dir tree auto, ->Auskommetiert damit es funktioniert
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ
    [ XYZ,edge label={node[pos=0.75,above,font=\scriptsize]{1}}
     [ XYZ,edge label={node[pos=0.75,above,font=\scriptsize]{1}}
    ]
    ]
    ]
    ]
\end{forest}\end{document}

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}\usepackage{tikz}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage[first=-10, last=10]{lcg}\begin{document}\newcommand{\random}{\rand\arabic{rand}}\begin{tikzpicture}\draw[fill=white](-1,-11) rectangle (4,11);

\draw[-latex,thick,black](0,0) -- (2,0);

\draw[red,thin](0,0) -- (1,\random);

\end{tikzpicture}\end{document}

\documentclass[margin=5mm, varwidth]{standalone}\usepackage{pgfplotstable, amsmath}\pgfplotsset{compat=1.13}\pgfplotstableset{header=false,
every head row/.style={output empty row}, 
string type,
}\begin{document}\pgfplotstabletypeset[]{
1       {\tikz[red, baseline=0em]{\node[]{node};}}   
3       4
}\end{document}

\documentclass{scrbook}\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}\usepackage{tikz}\usetikzlibrary{matrix,calc,shapes}\tikzset{
env/.style      = {shape=rectangle,
                 draw, anchor=north,
                 text width=7em, align=left,
                 inner sep=1ex},
}\begin{document}\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[-latex]
\matrix (chart)
[
matrix of nodes,
column sep      = 1em,
row sep         = 1cm,
nodes = env,
]
{&& 3 &&\\
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5\\};
\draw (chart-2-1) |- (0,0)-| (chart-1-3.south);
\draw (chart-2-2)  |- (0,0) -| (chart-1-3.south);
\draw (chart-2-3) |- (0,0) -|(chart-1-3.south);
\draw (chart-2-4) |- (0,0) -| (chart-1-3.south);
\draw (chart-2-5) |- (0,0) -| (chart-1-3.south);

\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}\end{document}

\documentclass{scrbook}\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}\usepackage{tikz}\usetikzlibrary{matrix,calc,shapes}\tikzset{
env/.style      = {shape=rectangle,
                 draw, anchor=north,
                 text width=7em, align=left,
                 inner sep=1ex},
}\begin{document}\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[-latex]
\matrix (chart)
[
matrix of nodes,
column sep      = 1em,
row sep         = 1cm,
nodes = env,
]
{&& 3 &&\\
Hier wird dann etwas stehen & Hier wird dann auch etwas stehen & Auch hier soll etwas stehen & Hier auch & Und sogar hier 
wird etwas stehen\\};
\draw (chart-2-1) |- (0,0)-| (chart-1-3.south);
\draw (chart-2-2)  |- (0,0) -| (chart-1-3.south);
\draw (chart-2-3) |- (0,0) -|(chart-1-3.south);
\draw (chart-2-4) |- (0,0) -| (chart-1-3.south);
\draw (chart-2-5) |- (0,0) -| (chart-1-3.south);

\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}\end{document}

\documentclass[margin=5mm, varwidth]{standalone}\usepackage{pgfplotstable, amsmath}\pgfplotsset{compat=1.13}\pgfplotstableset{header=false,
every head row/.style={output empty row}, 
string type,
}\def\tikzI{\tikz[remember picture]{\coordinate[label=A] (A) at (0,0);%\draw[red] (A) circle(1pt);%}}\def\tikzII{\tikz[remember picture]{\coordinate[label=below:B] (B) at (0,0);%\draw[red] (B) circle(1pt);%\draw[blue] (A) -- (B);% 1. Versuch}}\begin{document}\pgfplotstabletypeset[]{
a       \tikzI 
b        c
d        e  
f       \tikzII}\tikz[overlay, red]{\draw(A) -- (B);}% 2. Versuch\end{document}

0;0
4.267;0
2.626434203;-0.247438662
3.123622464;-0.270040693
3.638571116;-0.276587334
4.387588738;-0.309965296
4.597388432;-0.321883878
4.890808417;-0.106803221
5.349398135;-0.184094271
5.795033691;-0.301575063
6.253834907;-0.443782546

\documentclass[tikz,a4paper,margin=1mm]{standalone}\usetikzlibrary{intersections,angles,quotes,calc,through}\usepackage[ansinew]{inputenc}\begin{document}\begin{tikzpicture}\draw[fill,red](\x,\y)circle(.5pt);

\draw[red](\x,\y)circle(2.5pt);

\end{tikzpicture}\end{document}

%\documentclass[]{article}\documentclass[border=3mm, tikz]{standalone}\usepackage{pgfplotstable, amsmath}\usepackage{tikz}\usetikzlibrary{matrix}\tikzset{nodes={text width=3.75cm, draw},% für Matrizen
GeradeSpalten/.style={%column sep=-2cm, 
row sep=5mm, 
%outer sep=0pt, inner sep=0pt, 
column #1/.style={nodes={%text depth=1cm, %align=right, 
text width=1.5em, draw}}% für step-Spalten}, 
GeradeSpalten/.list={2,4,...,100}, 
}\begin{document}\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\matrix[GeradeSpalten,
matrix of nodes, %nodes in empty cells, 
column sep=1cm, 
nodes={align=left, anchor=west, xshift=-0cm}, ampersand replacement=\&] (m) {{MatrixI}\&  step  \&{MatrixII}\& step    \\{MatrixIII}\&  step  \&{MatrixIV}\& step    \\{MatrixV}\&\&\&\\};

%\fill[red] (m-1-2.center) circle(1mm);\end{tikzpicture}\end{document}

\documentclass[]{article}\usepackage{tikz}\usepackage{array}\begin{document}\def\myarray{{1,0,"-1","a"}}\foreach\i in {0,...,3}{\pgfmathparse{\myarray[\i]}$\pgfmathresult$~ }\pgfmathsetmacro\t{"1"}\pgfmathparse{"\t" > 0 ? "ja" : "\t"}$\pgfmathresult$\\\newcolumntype{B}{>{\bfseries}l  }\begin{tabular}{B l B  l }
in: &\verb+\foo{a}+  & out: &$a$ ist ein String  \\
in: &\verb+\foo{\frac32}+  & out: &$\frac32$ ist ein String  \\
in: &\verb+\foo{-1.2}+  & out: &$-1.2$ ist negativ  \\
in: &\verb+\foo{0}+  & out: &$0$ ist Null\\
in: &\verb+\foo{2}+  & out: &$2$ ist positiv  \\\end{tabular}\end{document}

\documentclass[landscape]{scrartcl}\usepackage[margin=1.75cm,showframe=false]{geometry}\pagestyle{empty}\usepackage{tikz}\usepackage{array, multirow}\usetikzlibrary{calendar}\pgfkeys{tikz/.cd,
         my inner sep/.store in =\myinnersep,
         my inner sep=5pt
}\def\CalendarNumbersFont{\Huge\sffamily}%\bfseries\begin{document}
SOLL:  \begin{tabular}{l l l }\multirow{1}{*}{\Huge 2}& a  &\multirow{1}{*}{\Huge M}\\{}& b &{}\end{tabular}\\[10cm]
IST:

% Schrifthöhe auslesen\CalendarNumbersFont\pgfmathsetmacro{\myheight}{height("1")}\typeout{\myheight}\newcommand\Tabelle{\begin{tabular}{l >{\footnotesize} l l}\multirow{1}{*}{\tikzdaytext}& a  &\multirow{1}{*}{\Huge M}\\{}& b &{}\end{tabular}}\centering\begin{tikzpicture}[
  every day/.append style={
    font=\CalendarNumbersFont,
    draw,
    inner sep=\myinnersep,
    text width=(\textwidth-\pgflinewidth)/7-2*\myinnersep,%
    text depth=(\textheight-\pgflinewidth)/5-\myheight-2*\myinnersep,%
    minimum width=(\textwidth-\pgflinewidth)/7 ,%
    minimum height=(\textheight-\pgflinewidth)/5,%},
]
\calendar (cal)
[
  day xshift=(\textwidth-\pgflinewidth)/7,% <- eingefügt
  day yshift=(\textheight-\pgflinewidth)/5,% <- eingefügt
  dates=2018-08-01 to 2018-08-last,
  week list, 
]
%if (Sunday) [nodes={red, fill=pink}]
if (equals=2018-08-02) [
nodes={red, fill=pink}, 
%day code={\node[every day]{ \Tabelle  };}
day code={\node[every day]{\tikzdaytext$\vphantom{\tikzdaytext}_{{\Huge b}}^{a}$};}
]
%
if (equals=2018-08-07) [
nodes={red, fill=pink}, 
day code={\node[every day]{\Tabelle};}
]
;

\fill[red, thick] (cal-2018-08-20) circle (7pt);
\node[red, draw, align =left] (Termin) at (cal-2018-08-21) {Termin\\ Termin};

\node[]{\begingroup\begin{tabular}{l >{\footnotesize}l l }\multirow{1}{*}{\Huge M}& aaaa  &\multirow{2}{*}{ M}\\{}& bbb &{}\end{tabular}\endgroup};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{document}

\documentclass[border=5pt, varwidth]{standalone}\usepackage{multirow}\usepackage{array}\usepackage{amsmath, tikz}\begin{document}%schlecht: M$\vphantom{M}^a_b$\newcommand\Tabelle{\begin{tabular}{l >{\footnotesize}l l }\multirow{1}{*}{\Huge M}& aaaa  &\multirow{2}{*}{ M}\\{}& bbb &{}\end{tabular}}\Tabelle\tikz[]{\node{\Tabelle};}\end{document}